A joint

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A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact
They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.[2]
Classification

Depiction of an intervertebral disk, a cartilaginous joint.
Diagram of a synovial (diarthrosis) joint.Joints are mainly classified
structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined
by how the bones connect to each other, while functional classification
is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones.
In practice, there is significant overlap between the two types of
classifications.

Terms ending in the suffix -sis are singular and refer to just one joint, while -ses is the suffix for pluralization.


[edit] Structural classification
Structural classification names and divides joints according to how the
bones are connected to each other.[3] There are three structural
classifications of joints:

fibrous joint - joined by fibrous connective tissue
cartilaginous joint - joined by cartilage
synovial joint - not directly joined

[ Functional classification
Joints can also be classified functionally, by the degree of mobility they allow:[4]

synarthrosis - permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints (eg The Skull).
amphiarthrosis - permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are cartilaginous joints (eg. Vertebrae).
diarthrosis - permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are
synovial joints (eg. Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee etc), and the terms
"diarthrosis" and "synovial joint" are considered equivalent by
Terminologia Anatomica.[5]

[ Biomechanical classification
Joints can also be classified based on their anatomy or on their
biomechanical properties. According to the anatomic classification,
joints are subdivided into simple and compound, depending on the number
of bones involved, and into complex and combination joints:[6]

Simple Joint: 2 articulation surfaces (eg. shoulder joint, hip joint)
Compound Joint: 3 or more articulation surfaces (eg. radiocarpal joint)
Complex Joint: 2 or more articulation surfaces and an articular disc or meniscus (eg. knee joint)

[edit] Anatomical
The joints may be classified anatomically into the following groups:

Articulations of hand
Elbow joints
Wrist joints
Axillary articulations
Sternoclavicular joints
Vertebral articulations
Temporomandibular joints
Sacroiliac joints
Hip joints
Knee joints
Articulations of foot

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