Endotracheal Intubation

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Definition :
endotracheal intubation refers to the procedure of insurting endotracheal tube (ETT) , which may be placed through the nose (nasotracheal ) or through the mouth (orotracheal) .

Types of endotracheal tube :
* Disposable: which is made from silicon rubber .
* Reusable : red rubber tubes
and it may be
* Non-cuffed .
* cufeffed .
Sizes of endotracheal tubes :
* female size varies from 7.5 to 8 mm
* adult male size varies from 8 to 8.5 mm
* pediatric size and neonatale size is estimated by using the following formula : ( 4.5 + age in years/4 = correct size ) .
Indication for endotracheal intubation :
* cardiopulmonary arrest
* trauma ( especially head , neck , and chest )
* drugs , such as musle relaxant
* neurological impairment ( poisons , myasthenia gravis ) .
* surgery requiring general anesthesia .[
[size=21]Purposes :
* Maintian airway patency
* Protect the airway from aspiration .
* Facilitata the clearance of secretions .
* Facilitata ventilation and oxygenation .
* Initiate positive pressure machanichal ventilation .
Provid aroute for emergency medication e.g ( NALOXON , EPINEPHRINE , ATROPINE

Endotracheal Intubation