كتاب Rural dairy technology

كتاب Rural dairy technology

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
على الرغم من أن أسمة يشير انة للأنتاج فى الريف و لكن الكتاب يتناقش بأسلوب علمى فى الموضوعات التالية

1. Introduction
2. Milk as a food
3. The composition of milk
3.1 Genetic factors
3.1.1 Breed and individuality of the cow
3.2 Environmental factors
3.2.1 Interval between milkings
3.2.2 Stage of lactation
3.2.3 Age and health
3.2.4 Feeding regime
3.2.5 Completeness of milking
4. Milk chemistry
4.1 Physical status of milk
4.1.1 Ionic solutions
4.1.2 Molecular solutions
4.1.3 Colloids
4.1.4 Emulsions
4.1.5 Dispersions
4.2 pH and acidity
4.2.1 Buffer solutions
4.3 Milk constituents
4.3.1 Fat
4.3.2 Proteins
4.3.3 Carbohydrates
4.3.4 Minor milk constituents
5. Microbiology
5.1 Bacteria
5.1.1 Bacterial growth
5.1.2 Factors affecting bacterial growth
5.1.3 Bacteria in milk
5.2 Moulds
5.3 Yeasts
5.4 Viruses
5.5 Milk microbiology
5.5.1 Pasteurisation
5.5.2 Sterilisation
5.6 Microbiology of butter
5.6.1 Sources of contamination
5.6.2 Control of micro-organisms in butter
6. Clean milk production
6.1 Sources of contamination
6.1.1 The interior of the udder
6.1.2 The cow as a source of pathogens
6.1.3 Milking utensils
6.1.4 Miscellaneous sources of bacteria in milk
6.2 Cooling milk
7. Milk reception, dairy accounting and record keeping
7.1 Reception
7.1.1 Quality
7.1.2 Quantity
7.1.3 Composition of milk
7.1.4 Adulteration of milk
7.2. Dairy accounting and record keeping
7.2.1 Milk quantity and quality
7.2.2 Processing records
7.2.3 Records of product quality and sales
7.2.4 Suggested formats for records of milk intake, payment
and utilisation
8. Milk processing
8.1 Milk separation
8.1.1 Gravity separation
8.1.2 Centrifugal separation
8.1.3 Hand separator
8.1.4 Separator maintenance
8.1.5 Calculations
8.1.6 Standardisation of milk and cream
8.2 Buttermaking with fresh milk or cream
8.2.1 Buttermaking theory
8.2.2 Theory of the mechanism of churning
8.2.3 Churn preparation
8.2.4 Churning temperature
8.2.5 Washing the butter
8.2.6 Salting, working and packing the butter
8.2.7 Washing the churn and buttermaking equipment after use
8.2.8 Overrun and produce in buttermaking
8.2.9 Butter quality
8.3 Buttermaking with sour whole milk
8.3.1 Buttermaking
8.4 Ghee, butter oil and dry butterfat
8.5 Cheesemaking using fresh milk
8.5.1 Rennet coagulation theory
8.5.2 Cheese varieties
8.5.3 Cheese yield
8.6 Cheesemaking with sour skim milk
8.7 Milk fermentations
8.7.1 Fermented milks
8.7.2 Concentrated fermented milk
9. Cleaning, sanitising and sterilising dairy equipment
9.1 Dairy water supplies
9.1.1 Bacteriological quality
9.1.2 Chemical quality
9.1.3 Water softeners
9.2 Chemicals used for cleaning
9.2.1 Sterilisers
9.3 Cleaning procedure
10. Sampling and analysis of milk, milk products and water
10.1 Sampling
10.2 Milk pH
10.2.1 Measuring pH using indicator
10.2.2 Electrometric measurement of pH
10.3 Titratable acidity test
10.3.1 Using N/10 sodium hydroxide
10.3.2 Using N/9 sodium hydroxide (milk)
10.3.3 Using N/9 sodium hydroxide (cream)
10.4 Alcohol
10.5 Clot-on-boiling test
10.6 Fat determination
10.6.1 Milk
10.6.2 Skim milk, buttermilk and whey
10.6.3 Cream
10.6.4 Cheese
10.7 Specific gravity of milk
10.8 Total solids (TS) in milk
10.8.1 Lactometer method
10.8.2 Oven-drying method
10.9 Formaldehyde in milk
10.10 Methylene blue reduction test
10.11 Resazurin 10-minute test
10.12 Sediment or visible dirt test
10.13 Moisture content of butter
10.14 Salt content of butter
10.15 Protein content of milk by formaldehyde titration
10.16 Estimation of hardness in water
10.16.1 Temporary hardness
10.16.2 Permanent hardness
10.16.3 Water-testing tablets
11. Dairy building design and construction
11.1 Site selection
11.1.1 Water supply
11.1.2 Land
11.1.3 Other buildings
11.1.4 Proximity to the road
11.1.5 Effluent disposal
11.2 Type of building
11.2.1 Construction materials
11.3 Arrangement and installation of equipment
11.3.1 Arrangement

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